Capacitors have a variety of marking codes on them. These markings and codes indicate various properties for the capacitors and it is essential to understand them in order to select the required type.
Today most capacitors are marked with alphanumeric codes but older capacitors may be seen that have colour codes. These capacitor colour codes are less common than in previous years, but some may still be seen.
The capacitor marking codes vary in their format according to whether the component is a surface mount device or whether it is leaded device, as well as the capacitor dielectric. Size also plays a major part in determining how the capacitor is marked – small components must use abbreviated coding systems, whereas larger capacitors such as aluminium electrolytic varieties may write the relevant parameters on the case in full.
Some of the marking systems have been standardised by the EIA - the Electronic Industry Alliance, and these provide commonality across the industry.

Capacitor polarity markings
One important marking for polarised capacitors is the polarity. Great care must be taken to ensure the polarity markings are observed when inserting these capacitors into circuits otherwise damage to the component, and more importantly to the remainder of the circuit board can result. Polarised capacitors effectively mean aluminium electrolytic and tantalum types.
Many recent capacitors are marked with the actual + and - signs and this makes it easy to determine the polarity of the capacitor.
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