Current sensor is a kind of current detecting device, which can detect the information of measured current and proportionally convert it into voltage or current signals conforming to the standard, in order to meet the requirements of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and control.
Current Sensor Classification
Precision Resistors
Also called shunt, as a common current detection element, with high precision, good linearity and high temperature stability, commonly used in small current DC applications, for AC applications need to be used in conjunction with linear optocoupler. The shunt is directly connected in series in the circuit, with insertion loss and heat generation problems, so high current applications often use non-insertion type product program.
Current Transformers
The use of the primary and secondary turn ratio difference to detect the current signal, can only be used as the detection of AC signals, has the advantages of low cost, high precision, simple structure and so on.
Hall Current Sensor
Hall effect is the movement of charged particles in the magnetic field by the Lorentz magnetic force caused by the deflection, this deflection leads to the perpendicular current and magnetic field in the direction of the accumulation of positive and negative charges, thus forming a transverse electric field, the field will be amplified signal processing that is converted to meet the standards of the output of the required signal. Therefore, the use of Hall effect can realize non-contact current detection, with no insertion loss, isolated, high detection accuracy, simple structure and circuit and other advantages.
Open-loop current sensor
The electromagnetic signal generated by the primary current is converted into a voltage signal, which is output through an amplifier. There are patch-type products for small current detection and module-type for large current detection.
Closed Loop Current Sensor
Spare the vice-side coil on the magnetic core, when there is current flowing on the primary side, the compensation flux generated by the vice-side line current is equal in size and opposite in direction to the flux generated by the primary-side current Ip, which makes the total amount of magnetic flux in the magnetic core zero. Hall devices and auxiliary circuits generated by the vice-side compensation current accurately reflects the size of the primary current, the size of the primary and secondary current for the coil turns ratio relationship.
Closed-loop current sensors have the advantages of high accuracy, good linearity, small magnetic misalignment, good dynamic performance, etc., with relatively high cost and high power loss.
Fluxgate Current Sensor
Similar to Hall current sensors, they detect current signals by detecting the magnitude of the magnetic flux in the air gap, only the sensing element in the air gap becomes a fluxgate probe.
The following is a comparison of several commonly used current sensors
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